Many separate pieces of blown glass were added together to form this sculpture by Dale Chihuly. Gift of funds from the John Cowles Foundation By grinding and polishing, the maker of the Jade Mountain subtracted areas from this large stone to create intricate details like the figures of the poets, the wine cups floating downstream, and poetry by the famous calligrapher Wang Xizhi and the Qianlong emperor himself. Jade is so tough and hard that it must be carved by grinding it with an even harder substance, such as quartz dust. Extracting the precious mineral without the use of modern machinery was very difficult, and it then had to be transported over long distances. The Chinese imported jade from the lands that are now Afghanistan, Tibet, Burma, and Siberia, where rocks containing jade were found in streams and mountains. An example of the subtractive process is carving wood or stone, as in the Chinese Jade Mountain sculpture, shown here, which was made in 1784 for the Qianlong emperor. So is weaving fibers together into a textile. Applying paint to a canvas is an example of the additive process. To make drawings, sculptures, paintings, and textiles, they must add or subtract art materials. Whether they know it or not, artists use math in every work of art they create. Try to identify the “found” objects he assembled in this monkey. Picasso was one of the first artists to create sculpture by adding objects together in a process called assemblage. Van Derlip Fund and gift of the Thomas Barlow Walker Foundation ![]() Jade Mountain Illustrating the Gathering of Poets at the Lan T’ing Pavilion, 1784
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